Assignments will now be the same as 1st and 3rd period Life Science Classes. Click Here
10/19
#28 3-1 Organic & Inorganic Compounds (outline)
C. Organic compounds - contain ............... and hydrogen and are usually associated with living things or things that once were alive; four groups of organic compounds make up all living things.
1. ............... - supply energy for cell processes
2. ............... - store and release large amounts of energy
3. ............... - are the building blocks of many structures
a. ............... - smaller molecules that make up proteins
b. ............... - proteins that regulate nearly all chemical reactions in cells
4. ............... - store important coded information in cells
D. Inorganic compounds - usually made from elements other than ............... .
E. Importance of water
1. Living things are composed of more than ............... water and depend on it to survive.
2. All chemical reactions in living things take place in ............... .
3. Most living things use water to ............... materials through their bodies.
10/16
#27 Matter and Mixtures Guided Outline 3-1 Matter & Mixtures (Outline)
A. Everything around you is made of _ and _.
1. Matter is anything that has and takes up _.
.
_ and .
a. A nucleus contains _ and .
b. Outside the nucleus are _, which are involved in .
4. Elements—made up of only kind of _
a. Cannot be _ into a simpler form by ordinary chemical reactions
b. Arranged in a chart called the _ of elements
5. Compounds—molecular and ionic
from the elements they are made of c. The smallest part of a molecular compound is a . —a group of atoms held together by the energy of chemical bonds
6. Ionic compounds
_ atoms, positive or negative
charges attract one another to form electrically compounds.
compounds.
B. Mixture—combination of substances in which individual substances
1. Solution—mixture in which two or more substances are mixed
2. Suspension—forms when a liquid or gas has another substance evenly throughout it
10/15
#26 Workbook pages 28 and 29
10/14
#25 Organelle Test.
Finish Extra Credit
10/13
Many worked on the Test Review
Extra Credit - Cut out Organelles and make a poster.
10/9 #24 Test Review - Organelle and Cell facts were organizesd and presented in a form identical to the test. Students wrote down facts relating to each question. Organelles Test ReteachA.
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
1. Eukaryotic cells have organelles, prokaryotic cells don't.
2. In eukaryotic cells, organelles are used to breakdown materials, produce energy, and eliminate wastes.
3. Cells with a nucleus are eukaryotic.
4. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have cell membranes, cytoplasm, and hereditary material.
5. Of the two types of cells, all eukaryotic cells have organelles and nuclei.
6. Cells without a nucleus are prokaryotic.
7. The two kinds of cells are prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
B. Cell membrane
1. The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
2. In plant cells, the cell membrane is located just inside the cell wall.
3. The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell through special proteins embedded in a double layered fat-like substance.
4. The cell membrane is made up of two layers of fat-like molecules. (Phospholipid bilayer)
C. Cytoplasm 1Cytoplasm is everything inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus.
2. Cytoplasm is a thick substance containing cell parts found between the cell membrane and nuclear membrane.
D. Nucleus
1. The nucleus directs every activity of the cells.
2. The nucleus stores the genetic code for all the structures produced and activities carried out by the cell.
3. In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus is surrounded by a membrane with openings to allow certain substances in and out.
E. Genetic material
1. The long thread like pieces of material that contains the code for the cell's structure and activities are called chromosomes.
2. During cell division the DNA forms structures called chromosomes.
1. The chromosomes in the nucleus are the instructions for the products and activities of a cell.
2. Chromosomes are made of DNA wrapped around proteins.
F. Nucleolus
1. The nucleolus makes ribosome parts that leave the nucleus through pores and are assembled in the cytoplasm.
2. The nucleolus located in the nucleus and makes ribosome parts.
3. The nucleolus is found in the nucleus.
G. Endoplasmic reticulum
1. The endoplasmic reticulum is a series of folded membranes that moves substances around the cell.
2. The Endoplasmic extends from the nucleus to the cell membrane.
H. Ribosome
3. Ribosomes are either free floating or are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
I. Golgi body
1.Golgi bodies are flat stacks of membranes associated with the endoplasmic reticulum.
2.Golgi bodies sort proteins and other cellular substances and package them into membrane-bound
structures called vesicles.
J. Vacuoles
1. Vacuoles are membrane sacs for temporary storage of needed materials.
K. Lysosome
1. Lysosomes contain digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, cell wastes, and
worn-out cell parts.
2. Digestive chemicals in the lysosomes are released and breaks down a cell when it dies.
L. Mitochondria
1.Mitochondria release the energy in food to a form the cell can use called ATP.
2. The more active a cell is the more mitochondria it will have.
3. Mitochondria require oxygen to release the energy in food to make ATP.
4. Mitochondria are organelles that have an outer membrane, a folded inner membrane and an inside space.
M. Cytoskeleton
1. The framework inside a cell is called the cytoskeleton.
2. Animal cells get their shape from cytoskeletons.
3. The cytoskeleton is made of protein tubes and fibers.
4. Cytoskeletons give cells: structure, maintains shape, and sometimes enables movement.
5. The cytoskeleton is a network of tiny fibers throughout the cytoplasm.
N. Cell wall
1. Cell walls in plants are made of a tough, rigid mesh of cellulose fibers.
2. The cell walls of plants are made of cellulose.
3. If there is a cell wall, it will be outside of the cell membrane.
4. The function of cell wall is to give the cell shape, structure, and protection. 5. Plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria have cell walls, animal cells don't.
O. Chloroplasts
1. Through the process of photosynthesis, chloroplasts use the energy from light to joint water and carbon
dioxide to make a sugar called glucose. 2. Chloroplasts can be described as a green shield or football shaped organelles.
3. The energy supply for almost all animal food chains comes from chloroplasts.
4.Chlorophyll in chloroplasts captures light energy that is use to make a sugar called glucose.
P. Organelle
1. Most organelles are enclosed in membranes.
2. Most organelles are surrounded by membrane that mediate important cellular processes.
3. In eukaryotic cells, organelles are found in the cytoplasm.
10/8
Majority balked at doing the Organelle Test.
Reteach.
10/7
#21 Do Now 6-9
Finish #20
10/6
#21 Do Now 1-4
Finish #18
Introduce:
#20 Organelle Table
Organelle Table
Make a three column table.
The most left column should be about an inch wide.
Split the remaining area to make to more columns.
In the first column write the organelle's name. (Numbered items)
In the second column, describe the organelle. (Items with one dash)
In the third column, write the organelle's function. (Items with two dashes)
Put the information that follows into this table.
1. Cell membrane's
-surrounds the cell
-two layers of a fat like substance
-proteins embedded in the layers
--controls what goes in and out of the cell
2. Nucleus
-largest organelle
-contains chromosomes and nucleolus
-found in eukaryotic cells
--controls all cell activities
--stores the hereditary material
3. Nuclear membrane
-surrounds the nucleus
-has pores
--controls what enters and leaves the nucleus
4. Chromosomes
-long threads of DNA
-located in nucleus
--stores the genetic codes
5. Nucleolus
-darker area of nucleus
--makes ribosome parts
6. Cytoplasm
-jelly like
-everything inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus
--where cellular reaction take place
--holds organelles of eukaryotic cells
7. Ribosomes
- Each cell contains thousands
-attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free
-- miniature 'protein factories'
8. Endoplasmic reticulum
-network of membranes and tubes
-spans from the nucleus to cell membrane
-rough has attached ribosomes
-smooth lacks ribosomes
--stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport system
--moves proteins to the Golgi body
9. Golgi body
-flat stack of membrane sacs
-found near endoplasmic reticulum
--packages substances in membranes for shipping
10. Mitochondria
-oval in shape
-double-layered outer membrane with inner folds
-contains its own genetic material
--energy (ATP) producing reactions take place on its membranes
11. Vacuoles
-membrane-bound sacs
--store needed materials or wastes
--water storage in plants
12. Lysosome
-membrane bound sac
--contains digestive enzymes
-- breaks down food, worn cell parts, and wastes
13. Cell wall
-plants, algae, and fungi
- made of cellulose in plants
-outside cell membrane
--protects and supports the cell
14. Cytoskeleton
- many small protein fibers
-extends throughout the cell
--supports and provides shape
-- Aids movement of materials in and out of cells
15. Chloroplast
-in plants
-football shaped
-green with chlorophyll
-grana-stacks of disks
-stroma-clear areas
--Chlorophyll captures energy from light and uses it to join Water and Oxygen to make the sugar Glucose.
10/5
#18 Organelle Notes with Pictures
Cell Structure Pictures
1. Tell the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells have organelles, prokaryotic cells don't.
2. What cell structure do plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria have that animals don't?
Plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria have cell walls; animal cells don't.
3. Tell the characteristics that describe a cell wall.
Cell walls are made of a tough, rigid mesh of cellulose fibers.
4. Describe where the cell wall of a cell is found.
If there is a cell wall,it is outside the cell membrane.
5. Tell what function(jobs) the cell wall performs(does) for a cell.
The cell wall functions to protect and give a cell shape.
6. Describe where the cell membrane of a plant cell is found.
The cell membrane is located just inside the cell wall.
7. Describe the make up of a cell membrane.
The cell membrane is made up of two layers of fat-like molecules. (Phospholipid bilayer)
8. Tell what function(jobs) the cell membrane performs(does) for a cell.
8. Cell membranes regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
9. Describe and tell the location of a cytoskeleton.
The cytoskeleton is a network of tiny fibers throughout the cytoplasm.
10. Tell what function(jobs) the cytoskeleton performs(does) for a cell.
Cytoskeletons give: structure, maintains shape, and sometimes enables movement.
11. Describe where the cytoplasm of a cell is found.
Cytoplasm is everything inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus.
12. Tell what is found in the cytoplasm.
In eukaryotic cells, organelles are found in the cytoplasm.
13. Tell a few cellular process that occur in the cytoplasm.
To survive cells must intake materials, breakdown materials, produce energy, eliminate wastes, and reproduce.
14. Tell the type of cell in which organelles are found.
Eukaryotes have organelles and nuclei.
15. Tell what surrounds most organelles.
Most organelles are enclosed in membranes.
16. Describe a typical nucleus.
The nucleus:Largest organelle. Surrounded by a membrane, Has openings allow certain molecules in and out.
17. Tell what a nucleus contains.
The nucleus contains long, threadlike, DNA wrapped around proteins and an area called the nucleolus.
18. Tell what function(jobs) the nucleus performs(does) for a cell.
Function of the nucleus: Directs every activity of the cell. Contains structure and activity codes.
19. Tell where a cells nucleolus is found.
The nucleolus is found in the nucleus.
20. Explain what a chromosome is.
Chromosome are made of DNA wrapped around proteins.
21. Tell what function(jobs) the nucleolus performs(does) for a cell.
The nucleolus make ribosome parts.
22. Describe the chloroplasts that are found in plant cells.
Chloroplasts can be described as a green shield or football shaped organelles.
23. Tell what a chloroplast contains.
Chloroplast contain disks called grana and spaces called stroma.
24. Tell what function(jobs) the chloroplast perform(does) for a plant cell.
Uses the energy from light to joint water and carbon dioxide to make a sugar called glucose.
25. What organelle has an outer membrane, a folded inner membrane and an inside space?
Mitochondria
9/28
#17 Test Review
Test Review Part A
1. What are the steps of the scientific method?
Stating a problem, gathering information, forming a hypothesis, experimenting, analyzing the data, and drawing conclusions is the scientific method.
What is a hypothesis?
2. A hypothesis is a proposed explanation or prediction that can be tested.
What is a theory?
3. A theory is an explanation based on the results of many observations or experiments.
Compare and contrast a theory with a hypothesis.
4. A theory is an explanation based on many observations; a hypothesis is a testable prediction.
What is an experimental variable?
5. A variable is something that can change in an experiment.
Why is it important to allow only one variable to change at a time during an experiment?
6. Experiments should only test one variable because if two are changed, one doesn't know which variable caused the result.
What is an independent variable?
7. The independent variable is what the experimenter changes or enacts in order to do the experiment.
What does the experimenter manipulate in an experiment?
8. The experimenter manipulates the independent variable.
What is a dependent variable?
9. A dependent variable is what changes as a result of the independent variable.
How is a dependent variable related to the independent variable in an experiment?
10. The independent variable is said to cause an apparent change in, or affect the dependent variable.
What is a control in an experiment?
11. A control is a group of subjects or an unchanged situation to which the outcome of a test is compared.
What are controlled variables in an experiment?
12. Controlled variables are anything that could influence the dependent variables.
Why are controlled variables important in an experiment?
13. Controlled variables must be carefully monitored and kept equal in your experiments; uncontrolled factors can cause false results. (Uncontrolled variables will mess up your experiment.)
What is a control group?
14. A control group is used as a comparison and doesn't experience the independent variable.
What is an experimental group?
15. An experimental group are subjects that experience the factor that is change in an experiment.
What is a “blind” experiment?
16. When the subjects of an experiment or the person collecting results is unaware of whether a given subject is part of the experimental or control group.
Why are “blind” conditions done in an experiment?
17. Placebo affect and experimenter bias are controlled by blind conditions in an experiment.
What are the characteristics of life?
What are the characteristics of life?
18. Organization, having cells, responding to stimuli, homeostasis, metabolism, development, and reproduction are the characteristics of living things.
Summarizing the organization found in complex multicellular organisms.
19. Biological molecules are combined and organized to make up organelles.
Organelles are the parts of the cell.
Similar cells make up tissues.
Tissues working together make up organs.
Organs that work together make up organ systems.
Organ systems make up organisms.
What is a cell?
20. A cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all life functions.
Give an example of a plant responding to a stimuli.
21. Leaves growing towards light or roots growing downward is a plant responding to stimuli.
What is homeostasis?
22. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable level internal conditions even though environmental conditions are constantly changing.
What is metabolism?
23. Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that take in and transform energy and materials from the environment.
What is cell division?
24. Cell division is the formation of two new cells from an existing cell.
Contrast how unicellular and multicellular organisms grow.
25. Unicellular organisms grow through cell enlargement, while multicellular organisms grow mainly by increasing the number of their cells through cell division.
What is the difference between growth and development?
26. Growth is just getting bigger, whereas development involves cell division and cells changing into different kinds to perform different functions.
Contrast asexual and sexual reproduction.
27. The offspring and parent have identical genes in asexual reproduction, whereas the offspring of sexual reproduction gets a mix of genes from two parents.
28. What is a gene?
A gene is a short segment of DNA that contains the instructions for a single trait of an organism.
#16 Participation
Science Notebook p. 21, 23, 24
Finish p. 16, 17, 18
9/24
#15
Cell function questions A - I
A. The nucleus has the same functions as a control room in a factory. What does the nucleus do in a cell? B. A cell wall has the same function as beams and walls in a building. What do cell walls provide the cell?
C. The cell membrane functions like walls, doors, windows, and screens. What does a cell membrane do?
D. Mitochondria have the same function as power plants and wind turbines. What do mitochondria do for the cell?
E. The ER works like assembly or conveyor belts for the cell. What is the function of the ER?
F Golgi bodies work like shipping rooms in a factory. What is the function of Golgi bodies?
G. Ribosomes work like robots in a factory. What is the function of Golgi bodies in the cell?
H. Vacuoles function like storage rooms in a factory. What do vacuoles do in a cell?
I. Lysosomes function like garbage trucks, recycling centers, and exterminators. What do lysosomes do in a cell?
Questions based on an analogy between cell parts and a factory.
Viewing Cells Questions 1-20 1.What size are many living things that you can't see?
2. What carries on the processes of life?
3. Who made the first microscope?
4. Who's microscopes showed thing never seen before (single cell organisms) for the first time?
5. How many times bigger or what resolving power was Leeuwenhoek's microscopes?
6. What does a compound microscope consist of?
7. What is a change in apparent size called?
8. What microscope views three-dimensional views?
9. What does multiplying the eye piece and objective lenses give?
10. What is the magnification of an electron microscope?
11. SEMs give what kind of image?
12. What do TEMs produce?
13. What does STMs show?
14. What did Hooke call the empty boxes he saw?
15. Who concluded that all plants are made of cells?
16. Who concluded that all animals are made of cells?
17. What did Schleiden and Schwann become convinced of?
18. What did Virchow propose?
19. What is the summary of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchows conclusions called?
20. What is the “Cell Theory?”
9/23
#14 Analogy Drawing
Discussed the function of each organelle as it related to a similar function done by part of a factory.
Example of how to draw a cell and its organelles:
#13
Eukaryotic Cell Parts and Functions
1. Draw a eukaryotic cell with the cell parts listed below.
2. Label the cell parts (Cell parts are also called organelles.)
3. Tell the function of each cell Part. Organelle List:
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nuclear membrane
Chromosomes
Nucleolus
Microtubules
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Body
Vacuoles
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Centriole (Animal Cells)
Cell Wall (Plant Cell)
Chloroplast (Plant Cell)
#12 Extra Participation
#11 Cell Structure Questions
Answer the questions in complete sentences.(No pronouns)
(38_1) 1.Three things that all cells have in common are...
(38_3) 2.The function of a cell can be indicted by its ........
3.Give an example of a cell's shape indicating its function.
(39_1) 4.Cells without membrane bound structures are ....
5.Cells with membrane bound structures are ....
(39_3) 6. Cell walls enclose the cells of ... (4 organisms)
7.Cell walls are tough, rigid outer coverings that....
(39_4)8.The thick mesh of fibers enclosing plant cells is..
9. Compounds that make cell walls rigid are ...
(40_1)10. The structure found just inside a cell wall is...
11. Regulating what enters and leaves a cell, plus protection is the function of the...
(40_2)12.The gelatin like substance that fills cells is...
(40_3)13.Tiny protein tubes and fibers make up the ...
(40_4)14.Most organelles are...
(40_5)15.All the activities of a cell are directed by the...
(40_6)16. The instructions for everything a cell does contained in the...
(42_1)17.Making a sugar called glucose using energy from light is the function of ...
(42_2)18.Food is broken down into carbon dioxide, water and usable energy by the ...
(42_3)19.Structures that make protein are the ...
20.Ribosomes are made inside the nucleus in the...
(43_1)20.The large folded membrane that process and moves substance around the cell is the...
(43_2)21. The “rough ER” processes and transports...
(43_2)21. The “smooth ER” processes and transports..
(43_3)22.Flat, stacked, membranes that package proteins into vesicles is the..
(43_4)23.Membrane bound spaces used for storage are the...
(44_1)24.Food particles, cell wastes, and worn out cell parts are broken down by digestive chemicals in the...
#10 Cell Structures Two Column Notes
(Bonus points for writing each phrase a different way.) 2_1 Cell Structure Notes
A. Common Cell Traits
1. Smallest unit capable of performing all life functions
2. Have an outer covering called a cell membrane
3. Contains a gelatin like material called cytoplasm
4. Cytoplasm contain material of heredity
B. Comparing Cells
5. The size and shape of a cell is often related to its function
C. Cell Types
6. Prokaryotic cells don't have membrane-bound structures inside
7. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound structures inside
D. Cell Organization
8. Cells have specific functions like taking in nutrients, secreting and storing chemicals, and breaking down substances
E. Cell Wall
9. Plant cells have outer coverings that provide shape and protection
10. are made of mostly a mesh like substance called cellulose
11. contain the substances pectin and lignin that provide rigidity.
F. Cell Membrane
12. Protects and surrounds the cell
13. Double layer of fat-like molecules
14. Regulates what enters and leaves
15. Just inside of the cell wall of plants. (A bag in a box)
G. Cytoplasm
16. Gelatin like substance
17. location of many chemical reactions
18. contains organelles in eukaryotic cells
19. Contains cytoskeleton which provides shape and sometimes movement
20.Cytoskeleton is made of tiny, protein tubes.
H. Nucleus
21. Surrounded by a membrane
22. Contains instructions and directs the activities of the cell
23. Materials enter and leave the nucleus through openings
24. Contains DNA the material of heredity
25. Contains a structure called the nucleolus
I. Ribosomes
26. are made in the nucleolus
27. ribosomes makes proteins
28. ER transports proteins to the Golgi body
29. Golgi body process and packages proteins for use inside and outside the cell
Assignments will now be the same as 1st and 3rd period Life Science Classes.
Click Here
10/19
#28
3-1 Organic & Inorganic Compounds (outline)
C. Organic compounds - contain ............... and hydrogen and are usually associated with living things or things that once were alive; four groups of organic compounds make up all living things.
1. ............... - supply energy for cell processes
2. ............... - store and release large amounts of energy
3. ............... - are the building blocks of many structures
a. ............... - smaller molecules that make up proteins
b. ............... - proteins that regulate nearly all chemical reactions in cells
4. ............... - store important coded information in cells
D. Inorganic compounds - usually made from elements other than ............... .
E. Importance of water
1. Living things are composed of more than ............... water and depend on it to survive.
2. All chemical reactions in living things take place in ............... .
3. Most living things use water to ............... materials through their bodies.
10/16
#27 Matter and Mixtures Guided Outline
3-1 Matter & Mixtures (Outline)
A. Everything around you is made of _ and _.
1. Matter is anything that has and takes up _.
.
_ and .
a. A nucleus contains _ and .
b. Outside the nucleus are _, which are involved in .
4. Elements—made up of only kind of _
a. Cannot be _ into a simpler form by ordinary chemical reactions
b. Arranged in a chart called the _ of elements
5. Compounds—molecular and ionic
from the elements they are made of
c. The smallest part of a molecular compound is a .
—a group of atoms held together by the energy of chemical bonds
6. Ionic compounds
_ atoms, positive or negative
charges attract one another to form electrically
compounds.
compounds.
B. Mixture—combination of substances in which individual substances
1. Solution—mixture in which two or more substances are mixed
2. Suspension—forms when a liquid or gas has another substance evenly throughout it
10/15
#26 Workbook pages 28 and 29
10/14
#25 Organelle Test.
Finish Extra Credit
10/13
Many worked on the Test Review
Extra Credit - Cut out Organelles and make a poster.
10/9 #24 Test Review - Organelle and Cell facts were organizesd and presented in a form identical to the test. Students wrote down facts relating to each question. Organelles Test Reteach A.
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
1. Eukaryotic cells have organelles, prokaryotic cells don't.
2. In eukaryotic cells, organelles are used to breakdown materials, produce energy, and eliminate wastes.
3. Cells with a nucleus are eukaryotic.4. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have cell membranes, cytoplasm, and hereditary material.
5. Of the two types of cells, all eukaryotic cells have organelles and nuclei.
6. Cells without a nucleus are prokaryotic.
7. The two kinds of cells are prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
B. Cell membrane
1. The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
2. In plant cells, the cell membrane is located just inside the cell wall.
3. The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell through special proteins embedded in a double layered fat-like substance.
4. The cell membrane is made up of two layers of fat-like molecules. (Phospholipid bilayer)
C. Cytoplasm
1Cytoplasm is everything inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus.
2. Cytoplasm is a thick substance containing cell parts found between the cell membrane and nuclear membrane.
D. Nucleus
1. The nucleus directs every activity of the cells.
2. The nucleus stores the genetic code for all the structures produced and activities carried out by the cell.
3. In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus is surrounded by a membrane with openings to allow certain substances in and out.
E. Genetic material
1. The long thread like pieces of material that contains the code for the cell's structure and activities are called chromosomes.
2. During cell division the DNA forms structures called chromosomes.
1. The chromosomes in the nucleus are the instructions for the products and activities of a cell.
2. Chromosomes are made of DNA wrapped around proteins.
F. Nucleolus
1. The nucleolus makes ribosome parts that leave the nucleus through pores and are assembled in the cytoplasm.
2. The nucleolus located in the nucleus and makes ribosome parts.
3. The nucleolus is found in the nucleus.
G. Endoplasmic reticulum
1. The endoplasmic reticulum is a series of folded membranes that moves substances around the cell.
2. The Endoplasmic extends from the nucleus to the cell membrane.
H. Ribosome
3. Ribosomes are either free floating or are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
I. Golgi body
1.Golgi bodies are flat stacks of membranes associated with the endoplasmic reticulum.
2.Golgi bodies sort proteins and other cellular substances and package them into membrane-bound
structures called vesicles.
J. Vacuoles
1. Vacuoles are membrane sacs for temporary storage of needed materials.
K. Lysosome
1. Lysosomes contain digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, cell wastes, and
worn-out cell parts.
2. Digestive chemicals in the lysosomes are released and breaks down a cell when it dies.
L. Mitochondria
1.Mitochondria release the energy in food to a form the cell can use called ATP.
2. The more active a cell is the more mitochondria it will have.
3. Mitochondria require oxygen to release the energy in food to make ATP.
4. Mitochondria are organelles that have an outer membrane, a folded inner membrane and an inside space.
M. Cytoskeleton
1. The framework inside a cell is called the cytoskeleton.
2. Animal cells get their shape from cytoskeletons.
3. The cytoskeleton is made of protein tubes and fibers.
4. Cytoskeletons give cells: structure, maintains shape, and sometimes enables movement.
5. The cytoskeleton is a network of tiny fibers throughout the cytoplasm.
N. Cell wall
1. Cell walls in plants are made of a tough, rigid mesh of cellulose fibers.
2. The cell walls of plants are made of cellulose.
3. If there is a cell wall, it will be outside of the cell membrane.
4. The function of cell wall is to give the cell shape, structure, and protection.
5. Plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria have cell walls, animal cells don't.
O. Chloroplasts
1. Through the process of photosynthesis, chloroplasts use the energy from light to joint water and carbon
dioxide to make a sugar called glucose.
2. Chloroplasts can be described as a green shield or football shaped organelles.
3. The energy supply for almost all animal food chains comes from chloroplasts.
4.Chlorophyll in chloroplasts captures light energy that is use to make a sugar called glucose.
P. Organelle
1. Most organelles are enclosed in membranes.
2. Most organelles are surrounded by membrane that mediate important cellular processes.
3. In eukaryotic cells, organelles are found in the cytoplasm.
10/8
Majority balked at doing the Organelle Test.
Reteach.
10/7
#21 Do Now 6-9
Finish #20
10/6
#21 Do Now 1-4
Finish #18
Introduce:
#20 Organelle Table
Organelle Table
Make a three column table.
The most left column should be about an inch wide.
Split the remaining area to make to more columns.
In the first column write the organelle's name. (Numbered items)
In the second column, describe the organelle. (Items with one dash)
In the third column, write the organelle's function. (Items with two dashes)
Put the information that follows into this table.
1. Cell membrane's
-surrounds the cell
-two layers of a fat like substance
-proteins embedded in the layers
--controls what goes in and out of the cell
2. Nucleus
-largest organelle
-contains chromosomes and nucleolus
-found in eukaryotic cells
--controls all cell activities
--stores the hereditary material
3. Nuclear membrane
-surrounds the nucleus
-has pores
--controls what enters and leaves the nucleus
4. Chromosomes
-long threads of DNA
-located in nucleus
--stores the genetic codes
5. Nucleolus
-darker area of nucleus
--makes ribosome parts
6. Cytoplasm
-jelly like
-everything inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus
--where cellular reaction take place
--holds organelles of eukaryotic cells
7. Ribosomes
- Each cell contains thousands
-attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free
-- miniature 'protein factories'
8. Endoplasmic reticulum
-network of membranes and tubes
-spans from the nucleus to cell membrane
-rough has attached ribosomes
-smooth lacks ribosomes
--stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport system
--moves proteins to the Golgi body
9. Golgi body
-flat stack of membrane sacs
-found near endoplasmic reticulum
--packages substances in membranes for shipping
10. Mitochondria
-oval in shape
-double-layered outer membrane with inner folds
-contains its own genetic material
--energy (ATP) producing reactions take place on its membranes
11. Vacuoles
-membrane-bound sacs
--store needed materials or wastes
--water storage in plants
12. Lysosome
-membrane bound sac
--contains digestive enzymes
-- breaks down food, worn cell parts, and wastes
13. Cell wall
-plants, algae, and fungi
- made of cellulose in plants
-outside cell membrane
--protects and supports the cell
14. Cytoskeleton
- many small protein fibers
-extends throughout the cell
--supports and provides shape
-- Aids movement of materials in and out of cells
15. Chloroplast
-in plants
-football shaped
-green with chlorophyll
-grana-stacks of disks
-stroma-clear areas
--Chlorophyll captures energy from light and uses it to join Water and Oxygen to make the sugar Glucose.
10/5
#18 Organelle Notes with Pictures
Cell Structure Pictures
1. Tell the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells have organelles, prokaryotic cells don't.
2. What cell structure do plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria have that animals don't?
Plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria have cell walls; animal cells don't.
3. Tell the characteristics that describe a cell wall.
Cell walls are made of a tough, rigid mesh of cellulose fibers.
4. Describe where the cell wall of a cell is found.
If there is a cell wall,it is outside the cell membrane.
5. Tell what function(jobs) the cell wall performs(does) for a cell.
The cell wall functions to protect and give a cell shape.
6. Describe where the cell membrane of a plant cell is found.
The cell membrane is located just inside the cell wall.
7. Describe the make up of a cell membrane.
The cell membrane is made up of two layers of fat-like molecules. (Phospholipid bilayer)
8. Tell what function(jobs) the cell membrane performs(does) for a cell.
8. Cell membranes regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
9. Describe and tell the location of a cytoskeleton.
The cytoskeleton is a network of tiny fibers throughout the cytoplasm.
10. Tell what function(jobs) the cytoskeleton performs(does) for a cell.
Cytoskeletons give: structure, maintains shape, and sometimes enables movement.
11. Describe where the cytoplasm of a cell is found.
Cytoplasm is everything inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus.
12. Tell what is found in the cytoplasm.
In eukaryotic cells, organelles are found in the cytoplasm.
13. Tell a few cellular process that occur in the cytoplasm.
To survive cells must intake materials, breakdown materials, produce energy, eliminate wastes, and reproduce.
14. Tell the type of cell in which organelles are found.
Eukaryotes have organelles and nuclei.
15. Tell what surrounds most organelles.
Most organelles are enclosed in membranes.
16. Describe a typical nucleus.
The nucleus:Largest organelle. Surrounded by a membrane, Has openings allow certain molecules in and out.
17. Tell what a nucleus contains.
The nucleus contains long, threadlike, DNA wrapped around proteins and an area called the nucleolus.
18. Tell what function(jobs) the nucleus performs(does) for a cell.
Function of the nucleus: Directs every activity of the cell. Contains structure and activity codes.
19. Tell where a cells nucleolus is found.
The nucleolus is found in the nucleus.
20. Explain what a chromosome is.
Chromosome are made of DNA wrapped around proteins.
21. Tell what function(jobs) the nucleolus performs(does) for a cell.
The nucleolus make ribosome parts.
22. Describe the chloroplasts that are found in plant cells.
Chloroplasts can be described as a green shield or football shaped organelles.
23. Tell what a chloroplast contains.
Chloroplast contain disks called grana and spaces called stroma.
24. Tell what function(jobs) the chloroplast perform(does) for a plant cell.
Uses the energy from light to joint water and carbon dioxide to make a sugar called glucose.
25. What organelle has an outer membrane, a folded inner membrane and an inside space?
Mitochondria
10/2
Do make up assignments
10/1
Finish Test
Do make up assignments
9/30
#19 Test
9/29
Finish test review
9/28
#17 Test Review
Test Review Part A
1. What are the steps of the scientific method?
Stating a problem, gathering information, forming a hypothesis, experimenting, analyzing the data, and drawing conclusions is the scientific method.
What is a hypothesis?
2. A hypothesis is a proposed explanation or prediction that can be tested.
What is a theory?
3. A theory is an explanation based on the results of many observations or experiments.
Compare and contrast a theory with a hypothesis.
4. A theory is an explanation based on many observations; a hypothesis is a testable prediction.
What is an experimental variable?
5. A variable is something that can change in an experiment.
Why is it important to allow only one variable to change at a time during an experiment?
6. Experiments should only test one variable because if two are changed, one doesn't know which variable caused the result.
What is an independent variable?
7. The independent variable is what the experimenter changes or enacts in order to do the experiment.
What does the experimenter manipulate in an experiment?
8. The experimenter manipulates the independent variable.
What is a dependent variable?
9. A dependent variable is what changes as a result of the independent variable.
How is a dependent variable related to the independent variable in an experiment?
10. The independent variable is said to cause an apparent change in, or affect the dependent variable.
What is a control in an experiment?
11. A control is a group of subjects or an unchanged situation to which the outcome of a test is compared.
What are controlled variables in an experiment?
12. Controlled variables are anything that could influence the dependent variables.
Why are controlled variables important in an experiment?
13. Controlled variables must be carefully monitored and kept equal in your experiments; uncontrolled factors can cause false results. (Uncontrolled variables will mess up your experiment.)
What is a control group?
14. A control group is used as a comparison and doesn't experience the independent variable.
What is an experimental group?
15. An experimental group are subjects that experience the factor that is change in an experiment.
What is a “blind” experiment?
16. When the subjects of an experiment or the person collecting results is unaware of whether a given subject is part of the experimental or control group.
Why are “blind” conditions done in an experiment?
17. Placebo affect and experimenter bias are controlled by blind conditions in an experiment.
What are the characteristics of life?
What are the characteristics of life?
18. Organization, having cells, responding to stimuli, homeostasis, metabolism, development, and reproduction are the characteristics of living things.
Summarizing the organization found in complex multicellular organisms.
19. Biological molecules are combined and organized to make up organelles.
Organelles are the parts of the cell.
Similar cells make up tissues.
Tissues working together make up organs.
Organs that work together make up organ systems.
Organ systems make up organisms.
What is a cell?
20. A cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all life functions.
Give an example of a plant responding to a stimuli.
21. Leaves growing towards light or roots growing downward is a plant responding to stimuli.
What is homeostasis?
22. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable level internal conditions even though environmental conditions are constantly changing.
What is metabolism?
23. Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that take in and transform energy and materials from the environment.
What is cell division?
24. Cell division is the formation of two new cells from an existing cell.
Contrast how unicellular and multicellular organisms grow.
25. Unicellular organisms grow through cell enlargement, while multicellular organisms grow mainly by increasing the number of their cells through cell division.
What is the difference between growth and development?
26. Growth is just getting bigger, whereas development involves cell division and cells changing into different kinds to perform different functions.
Contrast asexual and sexual reproduction.
27. The offspring and parent have identical genes in asexual reproduction, whereas the offspring of sexual reproduction gets a mix of genes from two parents.
28. What is a gene?
A gene is a short segment of DNA that contains the instructions for a single trait of an organism.
#16 Participation
Science Notebook p. 21, 23, 24
Finish p. 16, 17, 18
9/24
#15
Cell function questions A - I
A. The nucleus has the same functions as a control room in a factory. What does the nucleus do in a cell? B. A cell wall has the same function as beams and walls in a building. What do cell walls provide the cell?
C. The cell membrane functions like walls, doors, windows, and screens. What does a cell membrane do?
D. Mitochondria have the same function as power plants and wind turbines. What do mitochondria do for the cell?
E. The ER works like assembly or conveyor belts for the cell. What is the function of the ER?
F Golgi bodies work like shipping rooms in a factory. What is the function of Golgi bodies?
G. Ribosomes work like robots in a factory. What is the function of Golgi bodies in the cell?
H. Vacuoles function like storage rooms in a factory. What do vacuoles do in a cell?
I. Lysosomes function like garbage trucks, recycling centers, and exterminators. What do lysosomes do in a cell?
Questions based on an analogy between cell parts and a factory.
Viewing Cells Questions 1-20
1.What size are many living things that you can't see?
2. What carries on the processes of life?
3. Who made the first microscope?
4. Who's microscopes showed thing never seen before (single cell organisms) for the first time?
5. How many times bigger or what resolving power was Leeuwenhoek's microscopes?
6. What does a compound microscope consist of?
7. What is a change in apparent size called?
8. What microscope views three-dimensional views?
9. What does multiplying the eye piece and objective lenses give?
10. What is the magnification of an electron microscope?
11. SEMs give what kind of image?
12. What do TEMs produce?
13. What does STMs show?
14. What did Hooke call the empty boxes he saw?
15. Who concluded that all plants are made of cells?
16. Who concluded that all animals are made of cells?
17. What did Schleiden and Schwann become convinced of?
18. What did Virchow propose?
19. What is the summary of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchows conclusions called?
20. What is the “Cell Theory?”
9/23
#14 Analogy Drawing
Discussed the function of each organelle as it related to a similar function done by part of a factory.
Example of how to draw a cell and its organelles:
#13
Eukaryotic Cell Parts and Functions
1. Draw a eukaryotic cell with the cell parts listed below.
2. Label the cell parts (Cell parts are also called organelles.)
3. Tell the function of each cell Part.
Organelle List:
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nuclear membrane
Chromosomes
Nucleolus
Microtubules
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Body
Vacuoles
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Centriole (Animal Cells)
Cell Wall (Plant Cell)
Chloroplast (Plant Cell)
#12 Extra Participation
#11
Cell Structure Questions
Answer the questions in complete sentences.(No pronouns)
(38_1) 1.Three things that all cells have in common are...
(38_3) 2.The function of a cell can be indicted by its ........
3.Give an example of a cell's shape indicating its function.
(39_1) 4.Cells without membrane bound structures are ....
5.Cells with membrane bound structures are ....
(39_3) 6. Cell walls enclose the cells of ... (4 organisms)
7.Cell walls are tough, rigid outer coverings that....
(39_4)8.The thick mesh of fibers enclosing plant cells is..
9. Compounds that make cell walls rigid are ...
(40_1)10. The structure found just inside a cell wall is...
11. Regulating what enters and leaves a cell, plus protection is the function of the...
(40_2)12.The gelatin like substance that fills cells is...
(40_3)13.Tiny protein tubes and fibers make up the ...
(40_4)14.Most organelles are...
(40_5)15.All the activities of a cell are directed by the...
(40_6)16. The instructions for everything a cell does contained in the...
(42_1)17.Making a sugar called glucose using energy from light is the function of ...
(42_2)18.Food is broken down into carbon dioxide, water and usable energy by the ...
(42_3)19.Structures that make protein are the ...
20.Ribosomes are made inside the nucleus in the...
(43_1)20.The large folded membrane that process and moves substance around the cell is the...
(43_2)21. The “rough ER” processes and transports...
(43_2)21. The “smooth ER” processes and transports..
(43_3)22.Flat, stacked, membranes that package proteins into vesicles is the..
(43_4)23.Membrane bound spaces used for storage are the...
(44_1)24.Food particles, cell wastes, and worn out cell parts are broken down by digestive chemicals in the...
#10 Cell Structures Two Column Notes
(Bonus points for writing each phrase a different way.)
2_1 Cell Structure Notes
A. Common Cell Traits
1. Smallest unit capable of performing all life functions
2. Have an outer covering called a cell membrane
3. Contains a gelatin like material called cytoplasm
4. Cytoplasm contain material of heredity
B. Comparing Cells
5. The size and shape of a cell is often related to its function
C. Cell Types
6. Prokaryotic cells don't have membrane-bound structures inside
7. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound structures inside
D. Cell Organization
8. Cells have specific functions like taking in nutrients, secreting and storing chemicals, and breaking down substances
E. Cell Wall
9. Plant cells have outer coverings that provide shape and protection
10. are made of mostly a mesh like substance called cellulose
11. contain the substances pectin and lignin that provide rigidity.
F. Cell Membrane
12. Protects and surrounds the cell
13. Double layer of fat-like molecules
14. Regulates what enters and leaves
15. Just inside of the cell wall of plants. (A bag in a box)
G. Cytoplasm
16. Gelatin like substance
17. location of many chemical reactions
18. contains organelles in eukaryotic cells
19. Contains cytoskeleton which provides shape and sometimes movement
20.Cytoskeleton is made of tiny, protein tubes.
H. Nucleus
21. Surrounded by a membrane
22. Contains instructions and directs the activities of the cell
23. Materials enter and leave the nucleus through openings
24. Contains DNA the material of heredity
25. Contains a structure called the nucleolus
I. Ribosomes
26. are made in the nucleolus
27. ribosomes makes proteins
28. ER transports proteins to the Golgi body
29. Golgi body process and packages proteins for use inside and outside the cell