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Assignments will now be the same as 1st and 3rd period Life Science Classes. Click Here

10/19 3-1 Organic & Inorganic Compounds (outline) C. Organic compounds - contain ............... and hydrogen and are usually associated with living things or things that once were alive; four groups of organic compounds make up all living things. 1. ............... - supply energy for cell processes 2. ............... - store and release large amounts of energy 3. ............... - are the building blocks of many structures a. ............... - smaller molecules that make up proteins b. ............... - proteins that regulate nearly all chemical reactions in cells 4. ............... - store important coded information in cells D. Inorganic compounds - usually made from elements other than ............... . E. Importance of water 1. Living things are composed of more than ............... water and depend on it to survive. 2. All chemical reactions in living things take place in ............... . 3. Most living things use water to ............... materials through their bodies.
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10/16 3-1 Matter & Mixtures (Outline) A. Everything around you is made of _ __and__ _. 1. Matter is anything that has __and takes up__ _. . _ and. a. A nucleus contains _ and. b. Outside the nucleus are _, which are involved in. 4. Elements—made up of only __kind of__ _ a. Cannot be _ into a simpler form by ordinary chemical reactions b. Arranged in a chart called the _ of elements 5. Compounds—molecular and ionic from the elements they are made of __ c. The smallest part of a molecular compound is a ____.__ —a group of atoms held together by the energy of chemical bonds
 * 1) 27 Matter and Mixtures Guided Outline

6. Ionic compounds _ atoms, positive or negative charges attract one another to form electrically compounds. compounds. B. Mixture—combination of substances in which individual substances 1. Solution—mixture in which two or more substances are mixed 2. Suspension—forms when a liquid or gas has another substance evenly throughout it

10/15
 * 1) 26 Workbook pages 28 and 29

10/14 Finish Extra Credit
 * 1) 25 Organelle Test.

10/13 Many worked on the Test Review Extra Credit - Cut out Organelles and make a poster.

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10/9 #24 Test Review - Organelle and Cell facts were organizesd and presented in a form identical to the test. Students wrote down facts relating to each question. **Organelles Test Reteach** A. ======

2. In __eukaryotic cells__, __organelles__ are used to breakdown materials, produce energy, and eliminate wastes.
3. Cells with a nucleus are __eukaryotic__. 4. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have __cell membranes__, __cytoplasm__, and __hereditary material__. 5. Of the two types of cells, all __eukaryotic__ cells have organelles and nuclei. 6. Cells without a nucleus are __prokaryotic__. 7. The two kinds of cells are __prokaryotic__ and __eukaryotic__. B. Cell membrane 1. The __cell membrane__ regulates what enters and leaves the cell. 2. In plant cells, the __cell membrane__ is located just inside the cell wall. 3. The __cell membrane__ controls what enters and leaves the cell through special proteins embedded in a double layered fat-like substance. 4. The __cell membrane__ is made up of two layers of fat-like molecules. (Phospholipid bilayer)

C. Cytoplasm __1Cytoplasm__ is everything inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus. 2. __Cytoplasm__ is a thick substance containing cell parts found between the cell membrane and nuclear membrane.

D. Nucleus 1. The __nucleus__ directs every activity of the cells. 2. The nucleus stores the genetic __code__ for all the structures produced and activities carried out by the cell. 3. In eukaryotic cells, the __nucleus__ is surrounded by a membrane with openings to allow certain substances in and out.

E. Genetic material 1. The long thread like pieces of material that contains the code for the cell's structure and activities are called __chromosomes__. 2. During cell division the DNA forms structures called __chromosomes.__ 1. The __chromosomes__ in the nucleus are the instructions for the products and activities of a cell. 2. C__hromosomes__ are made of DNA wrapped around proteins.

F. Nucleolus 1. __The nucleolus__ makes ribosome parts that leave the nucleus through pores and are assembled in the cytoplasm. 2. The nucleolus located in the nucleus and makes __ribosome parts__. 3. The nucleolus is found in the nucleus.

G. Endoplasmic reticulum 1. The __endoplasmic reticulum__ is a series of folded membranes that moves substances around the cell. 2. The __Endoplasmic__ extends from the nucleus to the cell membrane.

H. Ribosome 3. __Ribosomes__ are either free floating or are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. I. Golgi body 1.__Golgi bodies__ are flat stacks of membranes associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. 2.__Golgi bodies__ sort proteins and other cellular substances and package them into membrane-bound structures called vesicles.

J. Vacuoles 1. __Vacuoles__ are membrane sacs for temporary storage of needed materials.

K. Lysosome 1. __Lysosomes__ contain digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, cell wastes, and worn-out cell parts. 2. Digestive chemicals in the __lysosomes__ are released and breaks down a cell when it dies.

L. Mitochondria 1.__Mitochondria__ release the energy in food to a form the cell can use called ATP. 2. The more active a cell is the more __mitochondria__ it will have. 3. __Mitochondria__ require oxygen to release the energy in food to make ATP. 4. __Mitochondria__ are organelles that have an outer membrane, a folded inner membrane and an inside space.

M. Cytoskeleton 1. The framework inside a cell is called the __cytoskeleton__. 2. Animal cells get their shape from __cytoskeletons__. 3. The __cytoskeleton__ is made of protein tubes and fibers. 4. __Cytoskeletons__ give cells: structure, maintains shape, and sometimes enables movement. 5. The __cytoskeleton__ is a network of tiny fibers throughout the cytoplasm.

N. Cell wall 1. __Cell walls__ in plants are made of a tough, rigid mesh of cellulose fibers. 2. The __cell walls__ of plants are made of __cellulose__. 3. If there is a cell wall, it will be outside of the __cell membrane__. 4. The function of cell wall is to give the cell __shape, structure, and protection.__ 5. Plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria have __cell walls__, animal cells don't.

O. Chloroplasts 1. Through the process of photosynthesis, __chloroplasts__ use the energy from light to joint water and carbon dioxide to make a sugar called glucose. 2. __Chloroplasts__ can be described as a green shield or football shaped organelles. 3. The energy supply for almost all animal food chains comes from __chloroplasts__. 4.__Chlorophyll__ in chloroplasts captures light energy that is use to make a sugar called glucose.

P. Organelle 1. Most organelles are enclosed in __membranes__. 2. Most organelles are surrounded by __membrane__ that mediate important cellular processes. 3. In eukaryotic cells, __organelles__ are found in the cytoplasm.

10/8 Majority balked at doing the Organelle Test. Reteach.

10/7 Finish #20
 * 1) 21 Do Now 6-9

10/6 Finish #18 Introduce: Organelle Table Make a three column table. The most left column should be about an inch wide. Split the remaining area to make to more columns. In the first column write the organelle's name. (Numbered items) In the second column, describe the organelle. (Items with one dash) In the third column, write the organelle's function. (Items with two dashes) Put the information that follows into this table.
 * 1) 21 Do Now 1-4
 * 1) 20 Organelle Table

1. Cell membrane's -surrounds the cell -two layers of a fat like substance -proteins embedded in the layers --controls what goes in and out of the cell 2. Nucleus -largest organelle -contains chromosomes and nucleolus -found in eukaryotic cells --controls all cell activities --stores the hereditary material 3. Nuclear membrane -surrounds the nucleus -has pores --controls what enters and leaves the nucleus 4. Chromosomes -long threads of DNA -located in nucleus --stores the genetic codes 5. Nucleolus -darker area of nucleus --makes ribosome parts 6. Cytoplasm -jelly like -everything inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus --where cellular reaction take place --holds organelles of eukaryotic cells 7. Ribosomes - Each cell contains thousands -attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free -- miniature 'protein factories' 8. Endoplasmic reticulum -network of membranes and tubes -spans from the nucleus to cell membrane -rough has attached ribosomes -smooth lacks ribosomes --stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport system --moves proteins to the Golgi body 9. Golgi body -flat stack of membrane sacs -found near endoplasmic reticulum --packages substances in membranes for shipping 10. Mitochondria -oval in shape -double-layered outer membrane with inner folds -contains its own genetic material --energy (ATP) producing reactions take place on its membranes 11. Vacuoles -membrane-bound sacs --store needed materials or wastes --water storage in plants 12. Lysosome -membrane bound sac --contains digestive enzymes -- breaks down food, worn cell parts, and wastes 13. Cell wall -plants, algae, and fungi - made of cellulose in plants -outside cell membrane --protects and supports the cell 14. Cytoskeleton - many small protein fibers -extends throughout the cell --supports and provides shape -- Aids movement of materials in and out of cells 15. Chloroplast -in plants -football shaped -green with chlorophyll -grana-stacks of disks -stroma-clear areas --Chlorophyll captures energy from light and uses it to join Water and Oxygen to make the sugar Glucose.

10/5 Cell Structure Pictures 1. Tell the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have organelles, prokaryotic cells don't.
 * 1) 18 Organelle Notes with Pictures

2. What cell structure do plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria have that animals don't? Plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria have cell walls; animal cells don't.

3. Tell the characteristics that describe a cell wall. Cell walls are made of a tough, rigid mesh of cellulose fibers.

4. Describe where the cell wall of a cell is found. If there is a cell wall,it is outside the cell membrane.

5. Tell what function(jobs) the cell wall performs(does) for a cell. The cell wall functions to protect and give a cell shape.

6. Describe where the cell membrane of a plant cell is found. The cell membrane is located just inside the cell wall.

7. Describe the make up of a cell membrane. The cell membrane is made up of two layers of fat-like molecules. (Phospholipid bilayer)

8. Tell what function(jobs) the cell membrane performs(does) for a cell. 8. Cell membranes regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

9. Describe and tell the location of a cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is a network of tiny fibers throughout the cytoplasm.

10. Tell what function(jobs) the cytoskeleton performs(does) for a cell. Cytoskeletons give: structure, maintains shape, and sometimes enables movement.

11. Describe where the cytoplasm of a cell is found. Cytoplasm is everything inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus.

12. Tell what is found in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells, organelles are found in the cytoplasm.

13. Tell a few cellular process that occur in the cytoplasm. To survive cells must intake materials, breakdown materials, produce energy, eliminate wastes, and reproduce.

14. Tell the type of cell in which organelles are found. Eukaryotes have organelles and nuclei.

15. Tell what surrounds most organelles. Most organelles are enclosed in membranes.

16. Describe a typical nucleus. The nucleus:Largest organelle. Surrounded by a membrane, Has openings allow certain molecules in and out.

17. Tell what a nucleus contains. The nucleus contains long, threadlike, DNA wrapped around proteins and an area called the nucleolus.

18. Tell what function(jobs) the nucleus performs(does) for a cell. Function of the nucleus: Directs every activity of the cell. Contains structure and activity codes.

19. Tell where a cells nucleolus is found. The nucleolus is found in the nucleus.

20. Explain what a chromosome is. Chromosome are made of DNA wrapped around proteins.

21. Tell what function(jobs) the nucleolus performs(does) for a cell. The nucleolus make ribosome parts.

22. Describe the chloroplasts that are found in plant cells. Chloroplasts can be described as a green shield or football shaped organelles.

23. Tell what a chloroplast contains. Chloroplast contain disks called grana and spaces called stroma.

24. Tell what function(jobs) the chloroplast perform(does) for a plant cell. Uses the energy from light to joint water and carbon dioxide to make a sugar called glucose.

25. What organelle has an outer membrane, a folded inner membrane and an inside space? Mitochondria

10/2 Do make up assignments

10/1 Finish Test Do make up assignments

9/30
 * 1) 19 Test

9/29 Finish test review

9/28 Test Review Part A 1. What are the steps of the scientific method? Stating a problem, gathering information, forming a hypothesis, experimenting, analyzing the data, and drawing conclusions is the scientific method. What is a hypothesis? 2. A hypothesis is a proposed explanation or prediction that can be tested. What is a theory? 3. A theory is an explanation based on the results of many observations or experiments. Compare and contrast a theory with a hypothesis. 4. A theory is an explanation based on many observations; a hypothesis is a testable prediction. What is an experimental variable? 5. A variable is something that can change in an experiment. Why is it important to allow only one variable to change at a time during an experiment? 6. Experiments should only test one variable because if two are changed, one doesn't know which variable caused the result. What is an independent variable? 7. The independent variable is what the experimenter changes or enacts in order to do the experiment. What does the experimenter manipulate in an experiment? 8. The experimenter manipulates the independent variable. What is a dependent variable? 9. A dependent variable is what changes as a result of the independent variable. How is a dependent variable related to the independent variable in an experiment? 10. The independent variable is said to cause an apparent change in, or affect the dependent variable. What is a control in an experiment? 11. A control is a group of subjects or an unchanged situation to which the outcome of a test is compared. What are controlled variables in an experiment? 12. Controlled variables are anything that could influence the dependent variables. Why are controlled variables important in an experiment? 13. Controlled variables must be carefully monitored and kept equal in your experiments; uncontrolled factors can cause false results. (Uncontrolled variables will mess up your experiment.) What is a control group? 14. A control group is used as a comparison and doesn't experience the independent variable. What is an experimental group? 15. An experimental group are subjects that experience the factor that is change in an experiment. What is a “blind” experiment? 16. When the subjects of an experiment or the person collecting results is unaware of whether a given subject is part of the experimental or control group. Why are “blind” conditions done in an experiment? 17. Placebo affect and experimenter bias are controlled by blind conditions in an experiment. What are the characteristics of life? What are the characteristics of life? 18. Organization, having cells, responding to stimuli, homeostasis, metabolism, development, and reproduction are the characteristics of living things. Summarizing the organization found in complex multicellular organisms. 19. Biological molecules are combined and organized to make up organelles. Organelles are the parts of the cell. Similar cells make up tissues. Tissues working together make up organs. Organs that work together make up organ systems. Organ systems make up organisms. What is a cell? 20. A cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all life functions. Give an example of a plant responding to a stimuli. 21. Leaves growing towards light or roots growing downward is a plant responding to stimuli. What is homeostasis? 22. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable level internal conditions even though environmental conditions are constantly changing. What is metabolism? 23. Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that take in and transform energy and materials from the environment. What is cell division? 24. Cell division is the formation of two new cells from an existing cell. Contrast how unicellular and multicellular organisms grow. 25. Unicellular organisms grow through cell enlargement, while multicellular organisms grow mainly by increasing the number of their cells through cell division. What is the difference between growth and development? 26. Growth is just getting bigger, whereas development involves cell division and cells changing into different kinds to perform different functions. Contrast asexual and sexual reproduction. 27. The offspring and parent have identical genes in asexual reproduction, whereas the offspring of sexual reproduction gets a mix of genes from two parents. 28. What is a gene? A gene is a short segment of DNA that contains the instructions for a single trait of an organism.
 * 1) 17 Test Review

Science Notebook p. 21, 23, 24 Finish p. 16, 17, 18
 * 1) 16 Participation

9/24 Cell function questions A - I A. The nucleus has the same functions as a control room in a factory. What does the nucleus do in a cell? B. A cell wall has the same function as beams and walls in a building. What do cell walls provide the cell? C. The cell membrane functions like walls, doors, windows, and screens. What does a cell membrane do? D. Mitochondria have the same function as power plants and wind turbines. What do mitochondria do for the cell? E. The ER works like assembly or conveyor belts for the cell. What is the function of the ER? F Golgi bodies work like shipping rooms in a factory. What is the function of Golgi bodies? G. Ribosomes work like robots in a factory. What is the function of Golgi bodies in the cell? H. Vacuoles function like storage rooms in a factory. What do vacuoles do in a cell? I. Lysosomes function like garbage trucks, recycling centers, and exterminators. What do lysosomes do in a cell?
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Questions based on an analogy between cell parts and a factory. Viewing Cells Questions 1-20 1.What size are many living things that you can't see? 2. What carries on the processes of life? 3. Who made the first microscope? 4. Who's microscopes showed thing never seen before (single cell organisms) for the first time? 5. How many times bigger or what resolving power was Leeuwenhoek's microscopes? 6. What does a compound microscope consist of? 7. What is a change in apparent size called? 8. What microscope views three-dimensional views? 9. What does multiplying the eye piece and objective lenses give? 10. What is the magnification of an electron microscope? 11. SEMs give what kind of image? 12. What do TEMs produce? 13. What does STMs show? 14. What did Hooke call the empty boxes he saw? 15. Who concluded that all plants are made of cells? 16. Who concluded that all animals are made of cells? 17. What did Schleiden and Schwann become convinced of? 18. What did Virchow propose? 19. What is the summary of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchows conclusions called? 20. What is the “Cell Theory?”

9/23 Discussed the function of each organelle as it related to a similar function done by part of a factory.
 * 1) 14 Analogy Drawing

Example of how to draw a cell and its organelles: Eukaryotic Cell Parts and Functions 1. Draw a eukaryotic cell with the cell parts listed below. 2. Label the cell parts (Cell parts are also called organelles.) 3. Tell the function of each cell Part. __Organelle List__: Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Nuclear membrane Chromosomes Nucleolus Microtubules Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi Body Vacuoles Lysosomes Mitochondria Centriole (Animal Cells) Cell Wall (Plant Cell) Chloroplast (Plant Cell)
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 * 1) 12 Extra Participation

Cell Structure Questions Answer the questions in complete sentences.(No pronouns) (38_1) 1.Three things that all cells have in common are... (38_3) 2.The function of a cell can be indicted by its ........ 3.Give an example of a cell's shape indicating its function. (39_1) 4.Cells without membrane bound structures are .... 5.Cells with membrane bound structures are .... (39_3) 6. Cell walls enclose the cells of ... (4 organisms) 7.Cell walls are tough, rigid outer coverings that.... (39_4)8.The thick mesh of fibers enclosing plant cells is.. 9. Compounds that make cell walls rigid are ... (40_1)10. The structure found just inside a cell wall is... 11. Regulating what enters and leaves a cell, plus protection is the function of the... (40_2)12.The gelatin like substance that fills cells is... (40_3)13.Tiny protein tubes and fibers make up the ... (40_4)14.Most organelles are... (40_5)15.All the activities of a cell are directed by the... (40_6)16. The instructions for everything a cell does contained in the... (42_1)17.Making a sugar called glucose using energy from light is the function of ... (42_2)18.Food is broken down into carbon dioxide, water and usable energy by the ... (42_3)19.Structures that make protein are the ... 20.Ribosomes are made inside the nucleus in the... (43_1)20.The large folded membrane that process and moves substance around the cell is the... (43_2)21. The “rough ER” processes and transports... (43_2)21. The “smooth ER” processes and transports.. (43_3)22.Flat, stacked, membranes that package proteins into vesicles is the.. (43_4)23.Membrane bound spaces used for storage are the... (44_1)24.Food particles, cell wastes, and worn out cell parts are broken down by digestive chemicals in the...
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(Bonus points for writing each phrase a different way.) 2_1 Cell Structure Notes A. Common Cell Traits 1. Smallest unit capable of performing all life functions 2. Have an outer covering called a cell membrane 3. Contains a gelatin like material called cytoplasm 4. Cytoplasm contain material of heredity B. Comparing Cells 5. The size and shape of a cell is often related to its function C. Cell Types 6. Prokaryotic cells don't have membrane-bound structures inside 7. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound structures inside D. Cell Organization 8. Cells have specific functions like taking in nutrients, secreting and storing chemicals, and breaking down substances E. Cell Wall 9. Plant cells have outer coverings that provide shape and protection 10. are made of mostly a mesh like substance called cellulose 11. contain the substances pectin and lignin that provide rigidity. F. Cell Membrane 12. Protects and surrounds the cell 13. Double layer of fat-like molecules 14. Regulates what enters and leaves 15. Just inside of the cell wall of plants. (A bag in a box) G. Cytoplasm 16. Gelatin like substance 17. location of many chemical reactions 18. contains organelles in eukaryotic cells 19. Contains cytoskeleton which provides shape and sometimes movement 20.Cytoskeleton is made of tiny, protein tubes. H. Nucleus 21. Surrounded by a membrane 22. Contains instructions and directs the activities of the cell 23. Materials enter and leave the nucleus through openings 24. Contains DNA the material of heredity 25. Contains a structure called the nucleolus I. Ribosomes 26. are made in the nucleolus 27. ribosomes makes proteins 28. ER transports proteins to the Golgi body 29. Golgi body process and packages proteins for use inside and outside the cell
 * 1) 10 Cell Structures Two Column Notes